Biblical Key Themes: Malachi’s Sixfold Wake-up Call to Renewed Covenant Fidelity Disputation Reference Summary Focus Disputation 1 1:2–5 Malachi begins by defending the reality of God’s elective love for Israel, a love which calls for robust covenantal obedience and sincere worship as its proper response. Instead, the people were dishonoring God by their worthless offerings and the hypocritical
Biblical Zechariah’s Visions Vision Passage Content Summary Zechariah’s Question(s) to the Messenger Promise/Outcome 1 1:7–17 Vision of horsemen who “patrol the earth” and report the condition of the earth; the Lord promises to build his house in Jerusalem What are these, my lord? (v. 9) The Lord is
Biblical Dates of the Oracles in Zechariah Reference Date 1:1 eighth month of the second year of Darius October/November 520b.c. 1:7 24th day of the 11th month (Shebat) of the second year of Darius February 15, 519 7:1 fourth day of the ninth month (Kislev) of the fourth year of Darius December
Biblical Zechariah Texts Quoted in the New Testament Regarding Jesus’ Ministry Zechariah Text Content Summary NT Passages 9:9 the king comes to Zion humble and riding a donkey Matt. 21:5; John 12:15 11:13 30 pieces of silver thrown into the house of the Lord Matt. 27:9 12:10 looking on him whom they have pierced John
Biblical Dates of the Oracles in Haggai (All in 520 b.c.) Oracle Reference Date First 1:1 1st day of 6th month (Aug. 29) Second 1:15 24th day of 6th month (Sept. 21) Third 2:1 21st day of 7th month (Oct. 17) Fourth 2:10 24th day of 9th month (Dec. 18) Fifth 2:20 24th day of 9th
Biblical Afflictions of Assyria against Israel The Neo-Assyrian period (935–609 b.c.) brought renewed threats from the Assyrians. God used the Assyrians to chasten wayward Israel. In Nah. 1:12 the Lord tells Judah that “Though I have afflicted you [through the Assyrians], I will afflict you no longer.” Assyrian Ruler Reign Affliction Significance and
Biblical Occurrences of the key word (ra‘ah; “evil”/“disaster”/“discomfort”) in Jonah 1:2 The Lord confronts Jonah with the evil of the city Nineveh. 1:7 The sailors decide to cast lots to find the source of the evil they experience. 1:8 The sailors confront Jonah, wondering why evil has come upon them. 3:8 The Ninevite king calls for
Biblical Interpretative Challenge: The Locust Invasion If chapter 1 … then chapter 2 … 1. describes an actual locust infestation … presents a heightened description of the same invasion. 2. describes an actual locust infestation … issues a warning about a coming military offensive. 3. describes an actual locust infestation functioning as a prophetic forerunner … uses that imagery to portray
Biblical The Traditional View of Daniel’s Visions Babylonian Empire (625–539 b.c.) Medo–Persian Empire(539–331b.c.) Greek Empire (331–63 b.c.) Roman Empire(63b.c.–a.d.476) Future Events Vision of Statue(ch. 2) head of gold (vv. 36–38) chest and arms of silver (vv. 32, 39) middle and thighs of
Biblical Explicit References to Dates in Daniel Babylon Nebuchadnezzar’s 1st year 605 b.c. ch. 1 Nebuchadnezzar’s 2nd year 604 ch. 2 Nebuchadnezzar’s reign 605–562 chs. 3–4 Belshazzar’s 1st year 550 ch. 7 Belshazzar’s 3rd year 548 ch. 8 Belshazzar’s last year 539 ch. 5 Persia Cyrus’s 3rd
Biblical Rulers During the Time of Daniel Babylon Nebuchadnezzar 605–562 b.c. Nabonidus 556–539 Co-regent Belshazzar 550–539 Persia Cyrus 539–530 Darius I 522–486
Biblical Dates in Ezekiel Reference Year/month/day following exile of Jehoiachin Modern equivalent*/yearb.c. Situation 1:2 5th year / 4th month / 5th day July 593*** inaugural vision 8:1 6th year / 6th month / 5th day September 592 first temple vision 20:1 7th year / 5th month / 10th day August 591 elders come
Biblical Parallels between Jeremiah and Lamentations Jeremiah Lamentations I will make this house like Shiloh (chs. 7, 26) The Lord has scorned … his sanctuary (2:7) Let my eyes run down with tears (14:17–22) my eyes flow with rivers of tears (3:48–51) can I not do with you as this potter has
Biblical Parallels to Jeremiah 52 Jeremiah 52 Parallels in 2 Kings 24–25 Parallels in Jeremiah 39 vv. 1–11 24:18–25:7 vv. 4–11 vv. 1–7 vv. 12–27 25:8–21 vv. 31–34 25:27–30
Biblical The Date of Jeremiah’s Call Date Event 628/627 b.c. Josiah’s cleansing of the temple (12th year of Josiah’s reign) 627 Jeremiah’s call (13th year of Josiah’s reign) 626 Babylon’s rebellion and independence (14th year of Josiah’s reign)
Biblical Dates of Events in Jeremiah Dates Passage Under Josiah (627–609 b.c.) * 1:1–19 * 3:6–6:30 Under Jehoahaz (609) and Jehoiakim (609–597) * 7:1–34 * 25:1–38 * 26:1–24 * 35:1–19 * 36:1–32 * 45:1–5 * 46:1–28 * 47:1–7 * 48:1–47 Under
Biblical Simplified Overview of Isaiah Isaiah 1–39 Isaiah 40–55 Isaiah 56–66 Date and Setting The eighth century b.c.(700s); the Assyrian threat Prophecies about the sixth century b.c. (500s); the Babylonian exile Prophecies about all times and occasions until the end Audience God’s rebellious people craving worldly security God’
Biblical Oracles against the Nations in the Prophets Oracles against the Nations in the Prophets Isaiah Jeremiah Ezekiel Joel Amos Obadiah Jonah Nahum Zephaniah Zechariah* Ammon 49:1–6 25:1–7 1:13–15 Arabia 21:13–17 Assyria (Nineveh) 10:5–19; 14:24–27 (Nineveh) (Nineveh) Babylon 13:1–14:23; 21:1–10; 46:
Biblical Datable Events in the Book of Isaiah Uzziah’s death; Isaiah’s call ch. 6 740 b.c. Days of Ahaz ch. 7 c. 735 Assyrian invasion chs. 36–38 701 Sennacherib’s death 37:38 681 Babylonians will destroy Jerusalem 39:6–8 586 Israel will return from Babylonian exile chs. 40–48 538
Biblical Kings of Judah in the Time of Isaiah Isaiah prophesied “in the days of Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, kings of Judah” (1:1). Kings of Judah Years of Reign Uzziah (Azariah) 767–740 b.c. Jotham 750–735 Ahaz 735–715 Hezekiah 715–686
Biblical Activity of the Writing Prophets during the Reigns of the Kings of Israel and Judah Timeline King of Judah // Event Prophet to Judah Prophet to Israel King of Israel // Event 780 b.c. Jeroboam II (781–753) 770 760 Uzziah (c. 760) (c. 760) (Azariah) Amos Jonah (767–740) (c. 755) Hosea Zechariah (753–752) Shallum (752) 750 Jotham Menahem (752–742) (750–735) Micah
Biblical The Use of Psalm 22 in Matthew 27 Ps. 22:18 They divide my garments among them, and for my clothing they cast lots. And when they had crucified him, they divided his garments among them by casting lots. Matt. 27:35 Ps. 22:7 All who see me mock me; they make mouths at me; they wag
Biblical Structure of the Psalter Book 1 Psalms 1–41 Psalms 1–2 have no titles that attribute authorship (but see Acts 4:25 for Psalm 2); they provide an introduction to the Psalms as a whole. The remainder of Book 1 is made up almost entirely of psalms of David: only Psalms 10 (but
Biblical Literary Terms Term Explanation Example Image A word or phrase that names a concrete action or thing; by extension, a character, setting, or event in a story is an image—a concrete embodiment of human experience or an idea. the way (or path); the congregation (or assembly); nature (or harvest) (Psalm 1)
Biblical Psalms Connected to Incidents in David’s Life Psalm Incident References 3 David flees from and battles Absalom 2 Samuel 15–17 7 The words of Cush, a Benjaminite (persecution by Saul?) Unknown 18 David delivered from enemies and from Saul 2 Samuel 22 30 Dedication of the temple Nothing in David’s lifetime; cf. 1 Kings 8:
