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Biblical

Cycles of Good and Bad under the Judges (2:11–16:31)

Pattern Outline Othniel Ehud Deborah Gideon Jephthah Samson Apostasy 2:11–13 3:7 3:12a 4:1 6:1a 10:6 13:1a Servitude 2:14–15 3:8 3:12b–14 4:2 6:1b–6a 10:7–9 13:1b Supplication and salvation 2:16–18 3:

Biblical

Common Cycle for Each Judge

God’s sending of judges to Israel repeatedly followed a fourfold cycle: 1. apostasy: the Israelites do what is evil in the sight of the Lord; 2. servitude: God allows the nation to be conquered and oppressed by a neighboring nation; 3. supplication: the people cry out to God; and

Biblical

The Judges

Judge Reference Tribe Oppressor Period of Oppression Period of Rest Total Length of Time* Othniel 3:7–11 Judah Mesopotamians 8 years (3:8) 40 years (3:11) 48 years Ehud 3:12–30 Benjamin Moabites 18 years (3:14) 80 years (3:30) 98 years Shamgar 3:31 Philistines

Biblical

The Covenant Renewal Ceremony at Shechem (Josh. 24:2–27) Compared with Other Ancient Treaties

Element Function Verses preamble introduces the suzerain (i.e., the sovereign) v. 2 historical prologue recounts the suzerain’s past gracious dealings with the vassal (i.e., the subordinate) vv. 2–13 stipulations outlines the vassal’s consequent responsibilities in respect to the suzerain vv. 14–24 written record preserves

Biblical

Seven Stone Memorials in the Land

4:20 Gilgal a reminder of God’s faithfulness in bringing Israel safely across the Jordan into the Promised Land 7:26 over Achan a reminder of Israel’s potential for unfaithfulness and of the dire consequences that result 8:28–29 over the king of Ai a monument to

Biblical

Positive and Negative Patterns of Holy War

Positive: Jericho (chs. 2–6) Negative: Ai (7:1–8:29) An assurance of victory (6:2) No assurance of victory (until 8:1) Ritual purity (3:5; 5:2, 10) Ritual impurity (7:1, 10–26) Unity of the assembly (6:3–5) Disunity of the assembly (7:3;

Biblical

Joshua’s Leadership Is Established

Transjordan tribes assent to Joshua with same response as to Moses at Sinai. 1:12–18 “The Lord said to Joshua, ‘Today I will begin to exalt you in the sight of all Israel, that they may know that, as I was with Moses, so I will be with you.

Biblical

Joshua 1:1–9 as a “Table of Contents” for the Rest of the Book

“Table of Contents” Item: Corresponds To: “arise, go over this Jordan … into the land that I am giving … to the people of Israel” (1:2–5) Israel conquers Canaan (1:10–12:24) “you shall cause this people to inherit the land” (1:6) Israel’s inheritance distributed (chs. 13–

Biblical

Historical Books Timeline

1406 [or 1220] b.c. Moses’ death; Israel’s entry into Canaan under Joshua [See The Date of the Exodus] 1375 [or 1210] Joshua’s death 1375–1055 [or 1210–1050/42/30] Period of the judges 1050/42/30–1010 Saul’s reign 1010–971 David’s reign 971–

Biblical

Ancient Treaty Structures and Deuteronomy

Ancient Treaty Structure Deuteronomy Preamble 1:1–5 Historical Prologue 1:6–4:49 General Stipulations 5:1–11:32 Specific Stipulations 12:1–26:19 Blessings and Curses 27:1–28:68 Document Clause 31:9–29 Witnesses 32:1–47

Biblical

Offerings from the Twelve Tribes

Day Chief Tribe 1 Nahshon Judah 2 Nethanel Issachar 3 Eliab Zebulun 4 Elizur Reuben 5 Shelumiel Simeon 6 Eliasaph Gad 7 Elishama Ephraim 8 Gamaliel Manasseh 9 Abidan Benjamin 10 Ahiezer Dan 11 Pagiel Asher 12 Ahira Naphtali

Biblical

Calendar of Public Sacrifices

Occasion Bulls Rams Lambs Goats Every day (28:3–8) 2 Sabbath (28:9–10) 2 1st day of month (28:11–15) 2 1 7 1 Unleavened Bread: each day (28:17–25) 2 1 7 1 Pentecost (Feast of Weeks) (28:26–31) 2 1 7 1 1st

Biblical

Dated Events from Exodus 40 to Numbers 10

Reference Event Date* Event Reference Ex. 40:2 Tabernacle set up 1.1.2 Tabernacle set up Num. 7:1 Lev. 1:1 Laws from tabernacle begin Offerings for altar begin Num. 7:3 Lev. 8:1 Ordination of priests begins Lev. 9:1 Ordination completed 8.1.2 Lev.

Biblical

Parallels between Exodus and Numbers

Ex. 18:1 Advice from Moses’ father-in-law Advice from Moses’ father-in-law Num. 10:29 Ex. 15:22 Three-day journey to Sinai Three-day journey from Sinai Num. 10:33 Ex. 15:22–26 Complaint about water Unspecified complaint Num. 11:1–3 Exodus 16 Manna and quail Manna and quail Num.

Biblical

Holy Feasts

The Sabbath principle permeates each of these feasts, which are intended to express the divine-human relationship. Each feast requires (1) cessation from ordinary work and (2) dedication to the Lord by means of offerings. Feast Reference General time of year Specific time of year Modern equivalent Significance Sabbath 23:3

Biblical

Grades of Uncleanness

Tolerated Punishable/Sinful Discharges (Leviticus 12; 16) Forgotten cleansing (Numbers 5–6; 19) Skin diseases (Leviticus 13–14) Idolatry, homicide, illicit sex (Leviticus 17–20; Numbers 35)

Biblical

Spectrum of Conditions from Holy to Unclean

Holy Unclean Life Death Priests Physically impaired priests Clean non-priests Unclean non-priests Human corpses Sacrificial animals Blemished sacrificial animals Clean animals Unclean animals Animal corpses

Biblical

Sacrifices

Name of Sacrifice Types of Animal Hand-laying Use of Blood Priestly Portions Lay Portions Burnt Cattle, sheep, goats, birds Yes Poured on altar sides No No Peace Cattle, sheep, goats Yes Poured on altar sides Yes Yes Sin Cattle, sheep, goats, birds Yes Smeared on altars, sprinkled inside tent Yes,

Biblical

Five Major Offerings

Name Emphasis Focus is on the general procedure or reasons for the offerings Focus is on the proper handling, eating, or disposal of the offerings Burnt Offering underscores prayers of petition or praise ch. 1 6:8–13 Grain Offering pleasing aroma; often mirrors emphasis of the offering it accompanies

Biblical

The Battle between Yahweh and the Rulers of Egypt

Exodus records the instructions and events of the plagues for the purpose of showing how the Lord revealed both his person and his power through delivering Israel from Egypt. The plagues fall on areas of life supposedly protected by Egypt’s gods, thus demonstrating the Lord’s power over the

Biblical

The Hardening of Pharaoh’s Heart

Declarations Hardenings I [Yahweh] will harden Pharaoh’s heart. Yahweh hardened the heart of Pharaoh. Pharaoh’s heart was hardened. Pharaoh hardened his heart. 4:21 7:3 7:13 7:14 7:22 8:15 8:19 8:32 9:7 9:12 9:34 9:35 10:1

Biblical

Covenantal Call and Dialogue

Moses’ Questions and Concerns Yahweh’s Responses and Signs Who am I that I should go? (3:11). I will be with you; when you come out of Egypt, you will serve me on this mountain (3:12). What is your name, that I may tell the people who sent

Biblical

Three Stages of Moses’ Life

Location Age Reference Egypt 0–40 Ex. 2:11; Acts 7:23 Midian 41–80 Ex. 2:15; 7:7; Acts 7:29–30 The wilderness 81–120 Deut. 31:2; 34:7; cf. Num. 14:33–34; Deut. 29:5

Biblical

Genealogies: Showing Age at Fatherhood and Age at Death

Adam (5:3–5) 130/930 Seth (5:6–8) 105/912 Enosh (5:9–11) 90/905 Kenan (5:12–14) 70/910 Mahalalel (5:15–17) 65/895 Jared (5:18–20) 162/962 Enoch (5:21–24) 65/365 Methuselah (5:25–27) 187/969 Lamech (5:

Biblical

Genesis 11:4

Action Purpose Desire They built a city .… … in order not to be dispersed over the face of the whole earth. Security They built a tower with its top in the heavens … … in order to make a name for themselves. Praise